Defect library

Illustrating sapphire defects and their morphology

Defect detection: Bubble
Defect detection: Cloud (voile, smoke)
Defect detection: Structure (low angle boundary)
Defect detection: Inclusion
Defect detection: Porosity
Defect detection: Bulk crystal deformation
Example: Structures
Example: Structures
Example: Structures
Example: Clouds
Example: Clouds
Example: Clouds
Example: Clouds
Example: Various defects
Defects in Verneuil-grown sapphire
Defects in Verneuil-grown sapphire
Defects in Verneuil-grown sapphire
Defects in Verneuil-grown sapphire
Defects in Verneuil-grown sapphire

Click on a thumbnail to view an image in full resolution. 

Some image captions use the sapphire clarity scale from 1 (defect‑free) to 4 (highly defective), as commonly used in the industry.

A brief description of each sample appears in the bottom‑left corner of the screen.